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Java编程技术与项目实战

作译者：马占飞,吴井军,张玉然

出版时间：2025-05 千字数：396 版次：01-01 页数：248

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121503078

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目 录
第 1 章 走进 Java ·······················································································.1 
1.1 Java 概述 ·························································································.2 
1.1.1 Java 的历史 ···············································································.2 
1.1.2 Java 的特点 ···············································································.3 
1.1.3 Java 的应用领域 ·········································································.4 
1.2 Java 开发环境 ···················································································.4 
1.2.1 JDK 的安装···············································································.4 
1.2.2 配置 Java 开发环境 ·····································································.6 
1.2.3 安装和配置开发工具 IDEA ···························································.8 
1.2.4 JDK 概述··················································································11 
1.2.5 JRE 概述···················································································11 
1.2.6 JDK、JRE 与 JVM 的区别和联系 ···················································11 
1.2.7 第一个 Java 程序 ········································································11 
1.3 Java 标识符 ······················································································12 
1.3.1 标识符概述 ···············································································12 
1.3.2 为什么使用标识符 ······································································12 
1.3.3 标识符的命名规范 ······································································12 
1.3.4 关键字和保留词 ·········································································13 
本章小结 ·································································································13 
关键术语 ·································································································13 
习题 ·······································································································13 
第 2 章 数据类型和变量 ················································································14 
2.1 数据类型 ··························································································16 
2.1.1 基本数据类型 ············································································16 
2.1.2 引用数据类型 ············································································16 
2.2 常量和变量 ·······················································································17 
2.2.1 常量概述 ··················································································17 
2.2.2 常量的使用 ···············································································17 
2.2.3 变量概述 ··················································································18 
2.2.4 变量的使用 ···············································································18 
2.3 数据类型转换 ····················································································19 
Java 编程技术与项目实战 VI 
2.3.1 自动转换 ··················································································19 
2.3.2 强制转换 ··················································································20 
2.3.3 类型推断 ··················································································21 
本章小结 ·································································································22 
关键术语 ·································································································23 
习题 ·······································································································23 
实际操作训练 ···························································································23 
第 3 章 运算符 ·····························································································24 
3.1 算术运算符 ·······················································································26 
3.1.1 加减乘除运算符 ·········································································26 
3.1.2 取模运算符 ···············································································27 
3.1.3 自增和自减运算符 ······································································28 
3.1.4 总结算术运算符 ·········································································29 
3.2 赋值运算符 ·······················································································29 
3.3 关系运算符 ·······················································································30 
3.3.1 关系运算符概述 ·········································································30 
3.3.2 关系运算符的注意事项 ································································31 
3.3.3 关系运算符的使用 ······································································31 
3.4 逻辑运算符 ·······················································································32 
3.5 位运算符 ··························································································33 
3.5.1 位运算符概述 ············································································33 
3.5.2 位运算符的类型 ·········································································33 
3.5.3 位运算符的注意事项 ···································································33 
3.5.4 位运算符的使用 ·········································································33 
3.6 三元运算符 ·······················································································34 
3.6.1 三元运算符概述 ·········································································34 
3.6.2 三元运算符的语法 ······································································34 
3.6.3 三元运算符的特点 ······································································34 
3.6.4 三元运算符的注意事项 ································································35 
3.6.5 三元运算符的使用 ······································································35 
3.7 运算符的优先级 ·················································································35 
本章小结 ·································································································36 
关键术语 ·································································································37 
习题 ·······································································································37 
实际操作训练 ···························································································37 
第 4 章 流程控制语句 ···················································································38 
4.1 顺序结构 ··························································································39 
4.1.1 顺序结构的定义 ·········································································39 
目 录 VII 
4.1.2 顺序结构的特点 ·········································································39 
4.1.3 顺序结构的使用 ·········································································40 
4.2 分支结构 ··························································································40 
4.2.1 分支结构的定义 ·········································································40 
4.2.2 分支结构的分类 ·········································································40 
4.2.3 分支结构的特点 ·········································································41 
4.2.4 分支结构的使用 ·········································································42 
4.3 循环结构 ··························································································42 
4.3.1 循环结构的定义 ·········································································42 
4.3.2 循环结构的分类 ·········································································42 
4.3.3 循环结构的特点 ·········································································44 
本章小结 ·································································································44 
关键术语 ·································································································45 
习题 ·······································································································45 
实际操作训练 ···························································································45 
第 5 章 数组 ································································································46 
5.1 数组介绍 ··························································································47 
5.1.1 数组概念 ··················································································47 
5.1.2 数组的特点 ···············································································47 
5.1.3 数组的应用领域 ·········································································48 
5.2 一维数组 ··························································································48 
5.2.1 一维数组的创建 ·········································································49 
5.2.2 一维数组的初始化 ······································································50 
5.2.3 一维数组的操作 ·········································································51 
5.3 二维数组 ··························································································53 
5.3.1 二维数组概述 ············································································53 
5.3.2 二维数组的创建和初始化 ·····························································53 
5.3.3 二维数组的注意事项 ···································································54 
本章小结 ·································································································55 
关键术语 ·································································································55 
习题 ·······································································································55 
实际操作训练 ···························································································55 
第 6 章 方法 ································································································56 
6.1 方法概述 ··························································································58 
6.1.1 方法的概念 ···············································································58 
6.1.2 方法的特点 ···············································································58 
6.1.3 方法的作用 ···············································································58 
6.2 方法的定义和调用 ··············································································59 
Java 编程技术与项目实战 VIII 
6.2.1 方法的定义 ···············································································59 
6.2.2 方法的调用 ···············································································59 
6.3 方法参数 ··························································································60 
6.3.1 方法参数的个数 ·········································································60 
6.3.2 方法参数的类型 ·········································································61 
6.3.3 方法参数的种类 ·········································································62 
6.3.4 方法参数的传递 ·········································································62 
6.4 方法返回值 ·······················································································64 
6.4.1 方法返回值的类型 ······································································64 
6.4.2 方法返回值的应用 ······································································64 
6.4.3 方法返回值的注意事项 ································································65 
6.5 方法重载 ··························································································65 
6.5.1 方法重载的规则 ·········································································65 
6.5.2 方法重载的实现 ·········································································65 
6.5.3 方法重载的优势 ·········································································67 
6.6 方法的作用域和生命周期 ·····································································67 
6.6.1 方法的作用域 ············································································67 
6.6.2 方法的生命周期 ·········································································67 
6.7 递归方法 ··························································································68 
6.7.1 递归方法的定义 ·········································································68 
6.7.2 递归方法的特点 ·········································································68 
6.7.3 递归方法的使用 ·········································································68 
本章小结 ·································································································69 
关键术语 ·································································································69 
习题 ·······································································································69 
实际操作训练 ···························································································70 
第 7 章 面向对象··························································································71 
7.1 面向对象的思想 ·················································································73 
7.1.1 面向过程的概念 ·········································································73 
7.1.2 面向对象的概念 ·········································································73 
7.1.3 面向对象与面向过程的关系 ··························································74 
7.2 类与对象的关系 ·················································································74 
7.2.1 类的定义 ··················································································74 
7.2.2 对象的定义 ···············································································75 
7.2.3 类与对象的关系 ·········································································76 
7.3 成员的调用 ·······················································································76 
7.3.1 成员变量和成员方法的定义 ··························································76 
7.3.2 成员变量和成员方法的调用 ··························································76 
7.4 成员变量与局部变量的区别 ··································································77 
目 录 IX 
7.5 关键字 this 和 static ············································································78 
7.5.1 关键字 this ················································································78 
7.5.2 关键字 static ··············································································79 
7.6 构造方法 ··························································································82 
7.6.1 构造方法的定义 ·········································································82 
7.6.2 构造方法的语法结构 ···································································83 
7.6.3 构造方法的访问 ·········································································83 
7.7 封装 ································································································84 
7.7.1 封装的定义 ···············································································84 
7.7.2 包 ···························································································84 
7.7.3 访问修饰符的权限 ······································································85 
7.7.4 封装的实现 ···············································································86 
7.7.5 封装的好处 ···············································································87 
7.8 继承 ································································································88 
7.8.1 继承的定义 ···············································································88 
7.8.2 继承的作用 ···············································································88 
7.8.3 继承的语法与实现 ······································································88 
7.8.4 成员的访问 ···············································································89 
7.8.5 构造方法的调用顺序 ···································································89 
7.8.6 方法重写 ··················································································90 
7.8.7 关键字 super··············································································92 
7.8.8 关键字 final ···············································································95 
7.9 多态 ································································································96 
7.9.1 多态的定义 ···············································································96 
7.9.2 多态的优点和作用 ······································································96 
7.9.3 多态的实现方式 ·········································································97 
7.10 抽象类和抽象方法 ············································································98 
7.10.1 抽象类的定义···········································································98 
7.10.2 抽象类的特点···········································································99 
7.10.3 抽象类的实现方式·····································································99 
7.10.4 抽象类的作用········································································.100 
7.10.5 抽象方法的定义·····································································.100 
7.10.6 抽象方法的实现方式·······························································.100 
7.11 接口····························································································.101 
7.11.1 接口的定义···········································································.101 
7.11.2 接口的特点···········································································.101 
7.11.3 接口的作用···········································································.102 
7.11.4 接口的实现方式·····································································.102 
7.11.5 抽象类与接口的区别·······························································.103 
本章小结 ······························································································.103 
Java 编程技术与项目实战 X 
关键术语 ······························································································.104 
习题 ····································································································.104 
实际操作训练 ························································································.104 
第 8 章 内部类··························································································.105 
8.1 内部类 ··························································································.106 
8.1.1 内部类的定义 ·········································································.106 
8.1.2 成员内部类 ············································································.107 
8.1.3 局部内部类 ············································································.108 
8.2 静态内部类 ····················································································.109 
8.2.1 静态内部类的定义 ···································································.109 
8.2.2 静态内部类的使用 ···································································.110 
8.3 匿名内部类 ····················································································.111 
本章小结 ······························································································.111 
关键术语 ······························································································.112 
习题 ····································································································.112 
第 9 章 异常处理·······················································································.113 
9.1 异常概念 ·······················································································.114 
9.1.1 异常概述 ···············································································.114 
9.1.2 异常体系结构 ·········································································.115 
9.1.3 常用异常类 ············································································.115 
9.2 异常处理 ·······················································································.116 
9.2.1 异常捕获 ···············································································.116 
9.2.2 异常抛出 ···············································································.118 
9.3 自定义异常类 ·················································································.118 
9.3.1 自定义异常类概述 ···································································.118 
9.3.2 自定义异常类的实现 ································································.118 
9.3.3 异常链 ··················································································.119 
本章小结 ······························································································.119 
关键术语 ······························································································.119 
习题 ····································································································.120 
第 10 章 字符串和常用类库········································································.121 
10.1 字符串定义和通用操作 ···································································.122 
10.1.1 创建字符串···········································································.122 
10.1.2 字符串通用操作·····································································.123 
10.1.3 StringAPI··············································································.126 
10.2 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer ····························································.127 
10.2.1 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 概述···············································.127 
目 录 XI 
10.2.2 常用方法··············································································.128 
10.2.3 StringBuilder 和 StringBuffer 的区别············································.129 
10.3 正则表达式···················································································.129 
10.3.1 正则表达式概述·····································································.129 
10.3.2 正则表达式的语法··································································.130 
10.3.3 正则表达式的使用··································································.130 
10.4 Java 常用类库 ··············································································.132 
10.4.1 Object 类··············································································.132 
10.4.2 Math 类················································································.135 
10.4.3 Random 类············································································.136 
10.4.4 Date 类 ················································································.137 
10.4.5 包装类·················································································.140 
本章小结 ······························································································.141 
关键术语 ······························································································.141 
习题 ····································································································.141 
实际操作训练 ························································································.141 
第 11 章 集合框架·····················································································.142 
11.1 集合框架概述················································································.144 
11.1.1 数组特点和弊端·····································································.144 
11.1.2 Java 集合框架体系··································································.144 
11.1.3 Java 集合的使用场景·······························································.144 
11.2 单列集合······················································································.146 
11.2.1 Collection 接口·······································································.146 
11.2.2 Iterator 接口 ··········································································.151 
11.2.3 List 接口 ··············································································.153 
11.2.4 Set 接口 ···············································································.157 
11.3 双列集合······················································································.165 
11.3.1 Map 集合概述········································································.165 
11.3.2 HashMap 实现类 ····································································.165 
11.3.3 TreeMap 实现类 ·····································································.167 
11.3.4 HashTable 实现类 ···································································.172 
11.3.5 Properties 实现类····································································.172 
11.4 Collections 工具类 ·········································································.173 
本章小结 ······························································································.174 
关键术语 ······························································································.174 
习题 ····································································································.174 
实际操作训练 ························································································.174 
Java 编程技术与项目实战 XII 
第 12 章 File 类与输入输出流 ·····································································.175 
12.1 File 类·························································································.176 
12.1.1 File 类概述 ···········································································.176 
12.1.2 File 类的构造方法 ··································································.177 
12.1.3 File 类的常用方法 ··································································.178 
12.2 输入输出流分类 ············································································.180 
12.2.1 输入输出流分类概述·······························································.180 
12.2.1 输入输出流 API ·····································································.180 
12.3 节点流·························································································.181 
12.3.1 Reader 与 Writer·····································································.181 
12.3.2 FileReader 与 FileWriter 实现类··················································.182 
12.3.3 InputStream 与 OutputStream······················································.183 
12.3.4 FileInputStream 与 FileOutputStream ············································.184 
12.4 处理流·························································································.187 
12.4.1 缓存流·················································································.187 
12.4.2 转换流·················································································.190 
12.5 其他流·························································································.192 
12.5.1 标准输入输出流·····································································.192 
12.5.2 打印流·················································································.193 
12.5.3 Scanner 类 ············································································.194 
本章小结 ······························································································.196 
关键术语 ······························································································.196 
习题 ····································································································.196 
实际操作训练 ························································································.196 
第 13 章 多线程························································································.197 
13.1 多线程基本概念 ············································································.199 
13.1.1 程序、进程与线程··································································.199 
13.1.2 线程的调度···········································································.199 
13.1.3 多线程的优点········································································.200 
13.1.4 单核与多核概述·····································································.200 
13.1.5 并行与并发概述·····································································.200 
13.2 线程的创建与启动 ·········································································.200 
13.2.1 继承 Thread 类·······································································.200 
13.2.2 实现 Runnable 接口·································································.202 
13.2.3 匿名内部类创建启动线程·························································.204 
13.2.4 继承 Thread 类与实现 Runnable 接口的区别··································.205 
13.3 线程的生命周期 ············································································.205 
13.4 多线程同步···················································································.206 
目 录 XIII 
13.4.1 资源线程的安全问题·······························································.206 
13.4.2 同步机制··············································································.210 
13.5 线程间的通信 ···············································································.215 
13.5.1 为什么要进行线程通信····························································.215 
13.5.2 等待唤醒机制········································································.216 
13.6 线程池·························································································.220 
13.6.1 为什么使用线程池··································································.220 
13.6.2 线程池的优点········································································.221 
13.6.3 线程池相关 API ·····································································.221 
本章小结 ······························································································.223 
关键术语 ······························································································.223 
习题 ····································································································.223 
实际操作训练 ························································································.224 
习题答案····································································································.225

在数字化时代，计算机编程技能变得至关重要。在众多编程语言中，Java凭借强大的功能、广泛的应用范围和出色的可移植性，在编程领域脱颖而出。无论是开发企业级应用和移动应用，还是处理大数据，Java都扮演着关键角色。对于编程新手而言，掌握Java基础是进入编程世界的必经之路。
作者在编写本书的过程中，有幸与包头师范学院、丽江文化旅游学院、贵州民族大学等十余所大学进行了深度沟通与合作。这些优秀的高等学府在计算机科学教育领域有着深厚的底蕴和卓越的成就。通过与这些高等学府紧密合作，作者得以汇聚众多专家学者的智慧与经验。大学教授们以严谨的学术态度和丰富的教学经验，为本书的知识体系构建、内容深度把握提供了专业指导。学生们的积极参与和反馈，则让本书更加贴近实际学习需求，确保了内容的实用性和易理解性。
Java是一种面向对象的编程语言，由Sun Microsystems公司于1995年推出。其设计初衷是实现跨平台应用开发，即“一次编写，到处运行”。这一特性允许Java程序在不同的操作系统和硬件平台上无缝运行，无须大量修改。Java这种跨平台能力极大地便利了开发者，并使其在企业级应用开发中广受欢迎。
Java语言以简洁明了的语法结构而易于学习和理解。它的语法与C、C++语言类似，但摒弃了一些复杂特性，如指针操作和手动内存管理，从而提高了代码的安全性和可靠性，减少了错误的发生。Java还提供丰富的类库和工具，覆盖从基础数据结构到网络编程、图形用户界面等众多领域，显著提升了开发效率，使开发者能够更专注于业务逻辑的实现。
学习Java基础，首先需要掌握变量、数据类型、运算符和控制语句等核心概念。变量是存储数据的容器，数据类型决定了变量可以存储的数据种类。运算符用于执行各种数据运算，而控制语句则用于指导程序的流程。掌握这些基础知识，我们就能编写简单的程序，实现基本功能。
面向对象编程是Java的核心理念之一。在Java中，一切皆对象，对象拥有属性和行为。代码具有可以封装、继承和多态等特性，能够复用和扩展。封装是将数据和操作封装在类中，并提供公共接口，隐藏内部细节。继承允许通过继承父类的属性和方法来复用代码。多态意味着同一操作在不同对象上可能有不同的行为。学习面向对象编程有助于我们更好地组织和管理代码，提升代码的可维护性和可扩展性。
除了基础语法和面向对象编程，Java还提供异常处理、输入输出流和多线程编程等高级特性。异常处理机制可以帮助我们更有效地处理程序错误和异常情况，增强程序的稳定性和可靠性。输入输出流使我们能够与外部设备进行数据交互，实现文件读写和网络通信等功能。多线程编程则提升了程序的并发性能，实现了多任务的并行执行。
学习Java基础需要持续实践和经验的积累。编写简单的程序，如计算器、猜数字游戏等，有助于巩固所学知识。综上所述，学习Java基础是编程旅程的起点。掌握Java的基本语法、面向对象编程和高级特性，将为未来的编程学习和实践打下坚实的基础。在学习过程中，保持耐心和热情，不断实践和探索，你将能够成为一名出色的Java开发者。

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