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精密与特种加工技术（第3版）

作译者：明平美,马文锁,何文斌

出版时间：2024-01 千字数：505 版次：01-01 页数：316

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121472022

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纸质书定价：￥79.8

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目 录
第1 章 绪论 ································································································.1
1.1 精密与超精密加工的产生与主要特点 ·····················································.1
1.2 特种加工技术的产生与主要特点 ···························································.3
1.3 精密与特种加工的分类 ········································································.5
1.4 特种加工技术对机械制造工艺的影响 ·····················································.9
1.5 精密与特种加工技术的地位与发展趋势 ················································.10
1.5.1 精密与特种加工技术的地位 ·······················································.10
1.5.2 精密与特种加工技术的发展趋势 ·················································.10
习题 ······································································································.11
思政素材 ································································································.11
第2 章 精密与超精密切削加工技术 ································································.13
2.1 主要特点和关键技术 ·········································································.13
2.1.1 主要特点 ···············································································.13
2.1.2 关键技术 ···············································································.14
2.2 切削原理 ························································································.14
2.2.1 概述······················································································.14
2.2.2 切屑的形成 ············································································.15
2.2.3 加工表面的形成 ······································································.17
2.2.4 表面破坏层及其应力状态 ··························································.17
2.3 金刚石刀具 ·····················································································.18
2.3.1 金刚石性能、晶体结构与晶体定向 ··············································.18
2.3.2 金刚石刀具设计 ······································································.20
2.3.3 金刚石刀具刃磨 ······································································.22
2.4 典型超精密切削加工设备 ···································································.22
2.5 精密与超精密切削加工应用 ································································.23
2.5.1 精密与超精密车削加工 ·····························································.24
2.5.2 精密与超精密铣削加工 ·····························································.26
习题 ·····································································································.28
思政素材 ·······························································································.28
拓展知识 ·······························································································.29
典型案例 ·······························································································.29
第3 章 精密与超精密磨料加工技术 ································································.31
3.1 精密与超精密磨削加工 ······································································.32
3.1.1 精密与超精密砂轮磨削加工 ·······················································.32
3.1.2 砂带磨削加工 ·········································································.36
3.1.3 精密与超精密磨削加工的应用 ····················································.38
3.2 精密研磨与抛光加工 ·········································································.40
3.2.1 精密研磨与抛光加工原理 ··························································.40
3.2.2 影响精密研磨与抛光加工质量的工艺因素 ·····································.41
3.2.3 精密研磨与抛光工具 ································································.43
3.2.4 研磨抛光新工艺 ······································································.44
3.3 光整加工 ························································································.46
3.3.1 珩磨加工 ···············································································.47
3.3.2 超精加工 ···············································································.51
习题 ·····································································································.53
思政素材 ·······························································································.53
拓展知识 ·······························································································.54
典型案例 ·······························································································.54
第4 章 热作用特种加工技术 ·········································································.56
4.1 电火花加工 ·····················································································.56
4.1.1 电火花加工的基本原理、分类与应用 ···········································.56
4.1.2 电火花加工原理 ······································································.59
4.1.3 电火花加工机床 ······································································.63
4.1.4 电火花加工用工具电极的制备 ····················································.77
4.1.5 电火花加工的基本工艺规律 ·······················································.81
4.1.6 电火花加工的典型应用 ·····························································.91
4.2 电火花线切割加工 ···········································································.100
4.2.1 电火花线切割加工原理、特点及应用范围 ····································.100
4.2.2 电火花线切割加工设备 ····························································.101
4.2.3 电火花线切割加工控制系统和编程 ·············································.106
4.2.4 电火花线切割加工工艺指标及影响因素 ·······································.112
4.2.5 电火花线切割加工的扩展应用 ···················································.117
4.3 激光加工 ·······················································································.118
4.3.1 激光加工原理及典型激光器 ······················································.119
4.3.2 激光加工主要应用领域 ····························································.122
4.4 电子束加工 ····················································································.131
4.4.1 电子束加工设备与加工原理 ······················································.131
4.4.2 电子束加工主要应用领域 ·························································.133
4.4.3 电子束加工的特点 ··································································.137
习题 ····································································································.137
思政素材 ······························································································.138
拓展知识 ······························································································.139
典型案例 ······························································································.139
第5 章 电化学作用特种加工技术 ·································································.141
5.1 概述 ·····························································································.141
5.1.1 基本原理 ··············································································.141
5.1.2 基本概念 ··············································································.142
5.1.3 分类与特点 ···········································································.146
5.2 电解加工 ·······················································································.147
5.2.1 加工过程及工艺特点 ·······························································.147
5.2.2 加工设备 ··············································································.150
5.2.3 电解加工主要工艺指标及其影响因素 ··········································.157
5.2.4 主要应用 ··············································································.161
5.3 电沉积加工 ····················································································.170
5.3.1 电铸加工 ··············································································.170
5.3.2 电刷镀加工 ···········································································.173
5.3.3 复合镀加工 ···········································································.176
习题 ····································································································.177
思政素材 ······························································································.177
拓展知识 ······························································································.177
典型案例 ······························································································.178
第6 章 化学作用特种加工技术 ····································································.180
6.1 化学铣切加工 ·················································································.180
6.1.1 加工原理、特点及应用范围 ······················································.180
6.1.2 工艺流程 ··············································································.182
6.2 化学抛光 ·······················································································.184
6.2.1 化学抛光原理和特点 ·······························································.184
6.2.2 化学抛光的工艺条件及应用 ······················································.184
6.3 化学镀加工 ····················································································.187
6.4 光化学腐蚀加工 ··············································································.188
6.4.1 概述·····················································································.188
6.4.2 加工原理 ··············································································.188
6.4.3 工艺流程 ··············································································.189
6.4.4 应用·····················································································.194
习题 ····································································································.194
思政素材 ······························································································.195
拓展知识 ······························································································.195
典型案例 ······························································································.196
第7 章 机械作用特种加工技术 ····································································.197
7.1 超声加工 ·······················································································.197
7.1.1 概述·····················································································.197
7.1.2 加工原理与特点 ·····································································.199
7.1.3 加工设备 ··············································································.200
7.1.4 主要工艺指标的影响因素 ·························································.205
7.1.5 主要应用 ··············································································.206
7.2 水射流加工 ····················································································.210
7.2.1 概述·····················································································.211
7.2.2 加工设备 ··············································································.212
7.2.3 工作参数 ··············································································.214
7.2.4 主要应用 ··············································································.215
7.3 挤压珩磨加工 ·················································································.217
7.3.1 加工原理 ··············································································.217
7.3.2 工艺系统 ··············································································.218
7.3.3 主要应用 ··············································································.219
7.4 磁性磨料研磨加工 ···········································································.220
7.4.1 加工原理 ··············································································.220
7.4.2 磁性磨料 ··············································································.221
7.4.3 研磨装置 ··············································································.221
7.4.4 主要应用 ··············································································.222
7.5 离子束加工 ····················································································.223
7.5.1 加工原理、分类与特点 ····························································.223
7.5.2 主要应用 ··············································································.226
习题 ····································································································.228
思政素材 ······························································································.228
拓展知识 ······························································································.230
典型案例 ······························································································.230
第8 章 复/组合能量作用特种加工技术 ··························································.232
8.1 概述 ·····························································································.232
8.2 电化学复合加工 ··············································································.233
8.2.1 电解-磨削加工 ·······································································.233
8.2.2 电解-珩磨加工 ·······································································.240
8.2.3 电解-研磨 ·············································································.241
8.2.4 电化学-机械复合抛光 ······························································.241
8.2.5 超声辅助电解加工 ··································································.243
8.2.6 激光辅助电解加工 ··································································.244
8.2.7 电解-电火花复合加工 ······························································.245
8.3 热作用复合加工 ··············································································.246
8.3.1 电火花-磨削加工 ····································································.246
8.3.2 超声辅助电火花加工 ·······························································.248
8.4 化学复合加工 ·················································································.249
8.4.1 机械-化学复合抛光 ·································································.250
8.4.2 化学-机械复合抛光 ·································································.251
8.5 LIGA 技术和准LIGA 技术 ································································.252
8.5.1 LIGA 技术 ·············································································.253
8.5.2 准LIGA 技术 ·········································································.254
习题 ····································································································.257
思政素材 ······························································································.257
拓展知识 ······························································································.258
典型案例 ······························································································.258
第9 章 3D 打印技术 ··················································································.260
9.1 概述 ·····························································································.260
9.2 3D 打印技术的典型工艺与应用 ··························································.262
9.2.1 光固化成型工艺 ·····································································.262
9.2.2 熔融沉积成型 ········································································.264
9.2.3 激光选区烧结 ········································································.267
9.2.4 三维立体打印 ········································································.269
9.2.5 喷射成型 ··············································································.271
9.3 其他3D 打印技术 ···········································································.273
9.3.1 激光选区熔化成型工艺 ····························································.273
9.3.2 激光近净成型工艺 ··································································.274
9.3.3 电子束熔丝沉积工艺 ·······························································.276
9.3.4 电弧增材制造技术 ··································································.277
9.3.5 激光熔丝增材制造技术 ····························································.277
9.4 3D 打印技术的应用与发展 ································································.278
习题 ····································································································.279
思政素材 ······························································································.279
拓展知识 ······························································································.281
典型案例 ······························································································.281
第10 章 微纳加工技术 ···············································································.283
10.1 MEMS 加工工艺 ············································································.283
10.1.1 光刻 ···················································································.284
10.1.2 体硅微结构加工技术 ······························································.285
10.1.3 面硅微结构加工技术 ······························································.288
10.1.4 键合技术 ·············································································.292
10.2 纳米技术与纳米加工技术 ································································.293
10.2.1 扫描探针加工技术 ·································································.293
10.2.2 电子束直写光刻技术 ······························································.294
10.2.3 聚焦离子束技术 ····································································.295
10.2.4 纳米压印技术 ·······································································.295
10.3 微型机械和微机电系统 ···································································.297
习题 ····································································································.298
思政素材 ······························································································.298
拓展知识 ······························································································.299
典型案例 ······························································································.300
参考文献 ···································································································.301

第3 版前言
精密与特种加工技术在工业生产中得到了广泛应用，已成为集成电路、先进制造、高端装备等领域的核心支撑。新材料、新结构、新应用场景的大量涌现，使得精密与特种加工技术的发展极为迅速，相关知识更新明显加快。为此，编者对第2 版的内容进行了全面系统的更新，并在每章结尾增加了思政素材、拓展知识、典型案例等内容。
本书汇聚了精密与超精密加工、特种加工、3D 打印、微纳加工等领域的基础知识和最新进展，包括各种加工技术的基本原理、工艺特点、承载装备、主要应用和发展趋势等内容，力求体现知识性、可读性、思想性和实用性。
本书各章的编写分工如下：河南理工大学明平美教授编写第1 章的1.1～1.3 节，河南科技大学马文锁教授编写1.4～1.5 节，河南理工大学郑建新教授编写第2 章、第3 章的3.1节和第7 章的7.1 节，郑州轻工业大学何文斌教授编写第4 章的4.1 节，郑州轻工业大学明五一副教授编写第4 章的4.2～4.4 节，河南理工大学鹤壁工程技术学院杨晓红副教授编
写第5 章和第8 章，浙江工业大学王明环教授编写第6 章，河南理工大学秦歌副教授编写第3 章的3.2～3.3 节、第7 章的7.2～7.5 节和第9～10 章。全书由明平美、马文锁、何文斌担任主编并负责审稿和统稿，秦歌、郑建新、王明环、明五一、杨晓红担任副主编。在本书编写过程中，编者参阅了国内外同行有关资料，得到了特种加工技术界许多专
家和朋友的支持与帮助，在此对相关人员表示衷心感谢。
由于本书涉及的内容广泛且相关技术发展速度很快，限于编者的技术水平，疏漏和不当之处在所难免，殷切地希望广大师生及读者提出宝贵意见。
编者的电子信箱：mingpingmei@163.com
编者
2023 年6 月

第2 版前言
精密、微细与特种加工是先进制造技术的重要组成部分。它们在工业生产与高科技产品研发中的地位与作用越来越高。基于它们的技术发展与进展，并结合高等学校工科专业教学改革的需求，本书在继承第1 版特色的基础上进行了不少内容更新与增删。本书涵盖了原机械制造类专业教学中精密与超精密加工、特种加工、增材制造、微细加工与微机电系统等课程的教学内容。以系统讲述精细与特种加工工艺为目的，以加工过程的主要能量来源及其作用形式为主线，以阐明各加工技术的基本原理与方法为基础，以实现物理、化学和复/组合加工的综合交叉和融合为重点，以激发和培养学生创新意识、创新思维和创新能力为目标，力图构建出集精细加工、特种加工、复/组合加工与增材制造为
一体的现代精密与特种加工技术体系。
本书各章的编者如下：河南理工大学明平美教授 (第1 章、第8 章)；河南理工大学郑建新教授（第2 章、第3 章、第7 章）；青岛理工大学彭子龙副教授（第4 章）；青岛科技大学王蕾副教授（第5 章、第6 章）；河南理工大学秦歌副教授（第9 章、第10 章）。全书由明平美任主编，负责组稿、审稿和统稿，郑建新、秦歌、彭子龙、王蕾任副主编。
在本书编写过程中，编者参阅了国内外同行有关资料，得到了特种加工技术界许多专家和朋友的支持与帮助。河南理工大学特种加工技术与装备研究团队的不少研究生也参与了大量的编辑与整理工作，在此对相关人员表示衷心感谢。
由于本书涉及的内容广泛且相关技术发展速度很快，限于编者的技术水平，疏漏和不当之处在所难免，殷切地希望广大师生及读者提出宝贵意见。
编者的电子信箱：
明平美：mingpingmei@163.com
编者
2018 年8 月

第1 版前言
为满足高等院校机械制造类专业宽口径的培养要求和适应高等教育课程体系更加系统化和综合化的发展趋势，结合现代加工技术发展及近年来专业教学改革与探索的实践，把目前众多机械制造类专业常开的特种加工、精密加工等课程的内容系统性综合，编写了《精密与特种加工技术》一书。
本教材在编写中具有以下几个特色。
1．集成性
现代机械制造技术的发展呈现出高度综合集成趋势，各学科、专业之间不断渗透、交叉和融合，其界限逐渐模糊。在教材内容构建方面着力突出其系统集成性，以拓宽知识视野和树立通识教育观。
2．逻辑性
各种加工方法的根本区别是其加工原理，现代加工技术分类的主要基础是其能量来源及其作用形式。本教材按加工方法的能量作用形式，从常规机械能到非常规能，从单一能量、复合能量到组合能量，串接各种加工技术，以便读者理解各加工技术的本质特点。
3．先进性
各式各样的新的应用需求，新产品、新材料的出现，不断推动现代加工技术的创新与发展。在教材内容取舍方面，在确保其基础内容系统完整的基础上，尽可能地吸收本领域及相关领域的最新发展成果，使教材具有鲜明的时代特征。
4．实用性
精细加工、特种加工和复合加工都是现代机械制造业生产中常用的最重要的加工技术，也是先进制造工艺技术的重要组成部分。本教材突破了传统模式，将精细加工、特种加工和复合加工有机地整合为一体，并按能量来源及其作用形式来编排，是教材建设与改革的新尝试。此外，各项技术的讲述均力求结合实际应用进行，最大限度地凸显其实用性。
本书涵盖了原机械制造类专业教学中精密与超精密加工、特种加工、微细加工等课程的教学内容。以系统讲述精细与特种加工工艺为目的，以加工过程的主要能量来源及其作用形式为主线，以阐明现代加工技术的基本原理与方法为基础，以实现物理、化学和复合加工的综合交叉和融合为重点，以激发和培养学生创新意识、创新思维和创新能力为目标，力图构建出集精细加工、特种加工和复合加工技术为一体的现代精密与特种加工技术体系。
本书各章的编者如下：河南理工大学明平美 (第1 章、第8 章)；河南理工大学郑建新（第2 章、第7 章）；河南理工大学杨志波（第3 章、第4 章（合编）、第9 章）；南阳理工学院李国慧（第4 章（合编））；郑州航空工业管理学院马高山（第4 章（合编）、第6 章）；黄河科技学院邹景超、杨汉嵩（第5 章）。全书由明平美任主编，负责审稿、统稿，杨志波、郑建新任副主编。
由于本书编写是一种探索和尝试，疏漏和不当之处在所难免，殷切地希望广大师生及读者提出宝贵意见。
编 者
2011 年5 月

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