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openEuler操作系统核心技术与行业应用实践

作译者：陈海波,曾庆峰,熊伟

出版时间：2023-10 千字数：321 版次：01-01 页数：272

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121464584

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纸质书定价：￥79.0

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内容简介

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作者简介

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目 录
第1 篇 openEuler 关键技术
第1 章 openEuler“四梁八柱”技术体系 ···········································.3
第2 章 极致开箱即用 ····································································.7
2.1 智能调优工具：A-Tune ·······················································.7
2.2 高性能用户态网络协议栈：Gazelle ·········································.9
2.3 高性能用户态存储软件栈：HSAK ········································.12
2.4 应用无感知的原生加速引擎：sysBoost ··································.15
2.5 自适应千核并行调度技术 ···················································.17
2.6 可编程内核：安全灵活的用户态代码内核卸载框架 ·····················.19
2.7 软芯协同的高性能虚拟化底座 ·············································.22
2.8 高性能计算套件：HCK ·····················································.23
第3 章 确定性低时延 ··································································.26
3.1 实时系统 ········································································.26
3.2 多级调度框架 ··································································.29
3.3 资源竞争协议 ··································································.30
3.4 异步通信 ········································································.31
3.5 确定性临界区 ··································································.33
第4 章 云原生操作系统底座与智能运维 ··············································.35
4.1 云原生操作系统底座 ·························································.36
4.1.1 快速部署 ·······························································.37
4.1.2 高效运行 ·······························································.48
4.1.3 资源优化 ·······························································.55
4.2 智能运维 ········································································.63
4.2.1 故障快恢 ·······························································.64
4.2.2 系统升级 ·······························································.66
第5 章 操作系统极致安全 ····························································.77
5.1 操作系统安全概述 ····························································.77
5.2 操作系统安全目标 ····························································.78
5.2.1 机密性 ··································································.80
5.2.2 完整性 ··································································.80
5.2.3 可用性 ··································································.81
5.2.4 真实性 ··································································.81
5.2.5 可授权性 ·······························································.82
5.2.6 不可抵赖性 ····························································.82
5.3 操作系统应该提供的安全能力 ·············································.83
5.4 操作系统关键安全技术 ······················································.84
5.4.1 完整性保护 ····························································.84
5.4.2 机密计算 ·······························································.88
5.4.3 全栈国密（数据安全与隐私） ····································.91
5.4.4 安全隔离（工业安全） ·············································.94
5.4.5 入侵检测 ·······························································.95
5.5 操作系统安全未来的发展方向 ·············································.98
5.5.1 动态调整 ·······························································.98
5.5.2 行为可信 ·······························································.99
5.5.3 AI for OS 安全 ·······················································.101
第6 章 异构操作系统融合计算 ························································.103
6.1 融合算力调度 ·································································.104
6.2 融合内存管理 ·································································.105
6.3 资源弹性复用 ·································································.106
6.4 面向SLA 的并发控制·······················································.107
第7 章 欧拉鸿蒙结合 ·································································.108
7.1 欧拉鸿蒙结合的方向 ························································.109
7.2 能力共享 ·······································································.110
7.2.1 分布式软总线 ························································.110
7.2.2 分布式数据 ···························································.113
7.2.3 操作系统视窗 ························································.114
7.3 一机多域 ·······································································.115
7.4 端边云跨域协同 ······························································.117
第2 篇 openEuler 行业应用实践
第8 章 电信行业应用实践 ···························································.121
8.1 行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··················································.121
8.1.1 电信行业现状 ························································.121
8.1.2 电信行业对操作系统的诉求 ······································.124
8.2 openEuler 电信行业解决方案 ··············································.126
8.2.1 openEuler 云应用加速解决方案 ··································.126
8.2.2 openEuler 操作系统迁移解决方案 ·······························.127
8.2.3 openEuler 云原生操作系统底座解决方案 ······················.133
8.2.4 openEuler 安全云主机解决方案 ··································.134
8.3 电信行业案例 ·································································.135
8.3.1 移动云天元“易行”迁移 ·········································.135
8.3.2 移动云可信云主机 ··················································.137
8.3.3 某运营商云大规模多样性算力开放基础设施 ·················.139
8.3.4 中国移动IT 中心磐基云原生产品 ·······························.141
8.3.5 中国移动在线客服营销服务中心 ································.144
第9 章 金融行业应用实践 ···························································.146
9.1 行业现状与操作系统诉求 ··················································.146
9.1.1 金融行业现状 ························································.146
9.1.2 金融行业对操作系统的诉求 ······································.148
9.2 openEuler 金融行业解决方案 ··············································.150
9.2.1 openEuler 资源混合部署解决方案 ·······························.150
9.2.2 openEuler 智能运维平台解决方案 ·······························.151
9.2.3 openEuler 用户态低时延协议栈解决方案 ······················.154
9.2.4 openEuler 安全机密计算解决方案 ·······························.155
9.3 金融行业案例 ·································································.156
9.3.1 工商银行资源混合部署 ············································.156
9.3.2 某行百万人脸识别机密计算 ······································.158
9.3.3 某证券交易所低时延协议栈 ······································.160
9.3.4 恒生电子公司应用案例 ············································.161
9.3.5 兴业银行智慧金融隐私计算平台 ································.165
第10 章 政府＆安平行业应用实践 ··················································.168
10.1 行业现状与操作系统诉求 ················································.168
10.1.1 政府行业现状 ······················································.168
10.1.2 安平行业现状 ······················································.170
10.1.3 政务业务对操作系统的诉求 ····································.170
10.1.4 安平行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.171
10.2 openEuler 政府＆安平行业解决方案 ····································.173
10.2.1 openEuler 基于TEE 的密码模块解决方案 ···················.173
10.2.2 openEuler 重保会议解决方案 ···································.174
10.2.3 openEuler 隔离超算解决方案 ···································.175
10.3 政府＆安平行业案例 ·······················································.176
10.3.1 视频云操作系统存量迁移 ·······································.176
10.3.2 “鲲密”产品支撑公安行业数据安全 ························.178
10.3.3 SZ 政务云视频会议 ···············································.180
10.3.4 武汉超算高性能操作系统 ·······································.180
第11 章 电力能源行业应用实践 ····················································.182
11.1 行业现状和操作系统诉求 ················································.182
11.1.1 电力能源行业现状 ················································.182
11.1.2 电力能源行业对操作系统的诉求·······························.183
11.2 openEuler 在电力行业中的解决方案 ···································.187
11.2.1 openEuler 在电力行业中的优势 ································.187
11.2.2 下一代电力系统边端协同计算方案 ····························.188
11.3 电力能源行业案例 ·························································.189
11.3.1 某电网公司核心调度系统迁移改造 ····························.189
11.3.2 某电网公司信息业务系统平滑迁移 ····························.191
11.3.3 某发电厂DCS 核心控制系统平滑迁移 ·······················.193
第12 章 制造行业应用实践 ··························································.195
12.1 行业现状和操作系统诉求 ················································.195
12.1.1 行业现状 ····························································.195
12.1.2 制造行业对操作系统的总体诉求 ······························.198
12.1.3 高精度制造对操作系统的诉求 ·································.199
12.1.4 设备能力多样化对操作系统的诉求 ···························.200
12.2 openEuler 在制造行业中的解决方案 ···································.201
12.2.1 制造行业解决方案 ················································.201
12.2.2 分级实时系统解决方案 ··········································.202
12.2.3 混合关键性系统解决方案 ·······································.205
12.3 制造业案例 ··································································.209
12.3.1 柏楚电子高精激光切割控制系统 ······························.209
12.3.2 华为制造自动化设备开发部的软运动控制器 ···············.211
第13 章 交通行业应用实践 ··························································.215
13.1 民航行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··········································.215
13.1.1 民航行业现状 ······················································.215
13.1.2 民航行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.218
13.2 铁路行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··········································.219
13.2.1 铁路行业现状 ······················································.219
13.2.2 铁路行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.220
13.3 公路水运行业现状和操作系统诉求 ····································.221
13.3.1 公路行业 ····························································.221
13.3.2 水运行业 ····························································.224
13.4 openEuler 在交通行业中的解决方案 ···································.227
13.4.1 铁路行业调度桌面云方案 ·······································.227
13.4.2 业务不中断升级方案 ·············································.228
13.5 交通行业案例 ·······························································.229
13.5.1 民航行业某央企电子客票系统建设项目 ·····················.229
13.5.2 山东港口青岛港码头操作系统A-TOS ························.230
13.5.3 某铁路局调度桌面云项目 ·······································.232
第14 章 其他行业应用实践 ··························································.234
14.1 水利行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··········································.234
14.1.1 水利行业现状 ······················································.234
14.1.2 水利行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.235
14.2 教育行业现状和操作系统诉求介绍 ····································.236
14.2.1 教育行业现状 ······················································.236
14.2.2 教育行业对操作系统诉求 ·······································.237
14.3 卫生健康行业现状和操作系统诉求 ····································.237
14.3.1 卫生健康行业现状 ················································.237
14.3.2 卫生健康行业对操作系统的诉求 ······························.238
14.4 广电行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··········································.239
14.4.1 广电行业现状 ······················································.239
14.4.2 广电行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.239
14.5 邮政行业现状和操作系统诉求 ··········································.240
14.5.1 邮政行业现状 ······················································.240
14.5.2 邮政行业对操作系统的诉求 ····································.241
14.6 其他行业案例 ·······························································.242
14.6.1 水利行业：某市水务局运用大禹水文站一体机改进水文感知 ························································.242
14.6.2 卫生健康行业案例：国内某市医疗云平台 ··················.244
14.6.3 广电行业案例：广电应急广播系统数字签名 ···············.245
14.6.4 邮政行业：某邮政OA 业务系统迁移改造 ···················.248
14.6.5 教育行业案例：重庆大学智慧校园 ···························.249

前 言
数字化深刻地改变着我们的生活方式，也深刻地影响着世界的政治、经济格局。数字基础设施包括芯片、服务器、互联网、通信网、操作系统、系统软件（如数据库管理系统）、工业软件等，是支撑数字化转型的关键要素。
计算机操作系统作为数字基础设施之一，其重要性在于支撑信息技术基础设施、保障国家安全和稳定、支持政府和军事应用、促进科学研究和创新，以及支持经济和社会发展。在当前国际环境下，对我国来说，拥有自主可控的操
作系统尤为重要。
openEuler 是由开放原子开源基金会（OpenAtom Foundation）孵化及运营的开源操作系统技术平台，其致力于打造中国原生开源、可自主演进的数字基础设施操作系统根社区。openEuler 的前身是华为公司发展近10 年的服务器操作系统EulerOS，华为公司2019 年将其开源并更名为openEuler，2021 年11 月华为公司携手社区全体伙伴共同将openEuler 正式捐赠给开放原子开源基金会，当前有多个国产OSV（Operating System Vendor，操作系统供应商）基于openEuler 发布商用版本（如麒麟软件、统信软件、麒麟信安、凝思、Suse、超聚变等）。openEuler
的定位是面向数字基础设施的开源操作系统，支持CPU（包括ARM、x86、RISC-V等多种指令集）、GPU、NPU 等多样性算力，并支持服务器、云计算、边缘计算、嵌入式等应用场景，支持 OT（Operational Technology，运营技术）领域应用及 OT 与 ICT（Information and Communications Technology，信息与通信技术）
的融合。
本书总结了openEuler（含基于openEuler 发布的商用版本）在电信、金融、政府、安平、能源、制造、交通、卫生健康、教育、广电、邮政、民航、水利、铁路共14 个行业应用过程中的实践案例，目的是给国内各行业的合作伙伴提供openEuler 操作系统核心技术与行业应用实践经验参考，使openEuler 能够覆盖到更多的行业，为openEuler 的生态繁荣添砖加瓦，为构建我国自主可控的数字基础设施操作系统根社区聚焦力量。这也是编写本书最主要的目的。
本书分为两篇。第1 篇是openEuler 关键技术，包括第1 章～第7 章。第1章介绍了openEuler 的“四梁八柱”技术体系，它构成了openEuler 的整体技术沙盘，以及openEuler 近年来的技术规划；第2～7 章详细介绍了openEuler 的
六大技术方向，帮助读者进一步了解openEuler 操作系统的一些先进特性，这些特性可以帮助客户解决各个关键信息基础设施行业的业务连续性问题，同时提供连续的先进性与先进的连续性，帮助客户提高在行业中的核心竞争力。第
2 篇是openEuler 行业应用实践，包括第8 章～第14 章，分别介绍了openEuler在一些行业的应用实践，内容包括行业现状、行业对操作系统的诉求、openEuler行业解决方案、合作伙伴和客户在本行业的应用实践案例。
在这本书的编写过程中，我们有幸得到了许多人的帮助和支持。在此，向所有支持我们的人表示最真挚的感谢。
首先，我们要感谢万汉阳、胡欣蔚、张贵平、刘洋、梁冰、胡正策、王博等领导，在本书的编写过程中，他们给予了无私的支持和鼓励，他们的指导和建议对我们起到了至关重要的作用，让我们能够更好地完成本书的编写。
其次，我们要感谢（排名不分先后）伍伯东、蔡灏旻、廖清伟、陈鸣志、白海丽、曹汪宝、华俊博、郑弦、卢景晓、方秀宁、刘东旭、石文璐、肖威、李华、张晋豪、张春辉、郑俊凌、马士淼、栾建海、李清清、王凯、马郡、敬锐、谢志鹏、朱健伟、郝明哲等人，他们在繁忙的工作中抽出时间编写和校对了本书的技术细节。同时，感谢电子工业出版社李淑丽编辑及团队其他编辑，她们在这本书的编写过程中付出了很大的努力，为这本书的质量和深度做出了贡献。
另外，我们要感谢（排名不分先后）工商银行金融科技研究院、中移（苏州）软件技术有限公司、中国移动IT 中
心、中移在线服务有限公司、恒生电子股份有限公司、北京数字认证股份有限公司、武汉数算科技有限公司、江苏金
智教育信息股份有限公司、上海柏楚电子科技股份有限公司、青岛新前湾集装箱码头有限责任公司等行业伙伴提供的案例，他们的实践经验和成功案例为这本书的编写提供了重要的参考和支持，让我们能够更好地展现openEuler 在各
个行业的应用情况，感谢他们对行业的贡献。
最后，我们要感谢所有读者。编写这本书的目的是帮助大家更好地理解和掌握openEuler 的核心技术，为大家提供更好的服务和支持，希望这本书能够对大家有所帮助。
由于编著水平有限，书中难免有不足之处，欢迎各位同行和读者批评指正。
编著者
2023 年9 月

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