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本书介绍了由空间天气事件和太阳条件变化所产生的电离层扰动、电离层暴、波动和不规则体，介绍了电离层基础数据的采集分发机制和多种预测方法，并基于最近几个太阳活动周期内的电离层垂测数据和GNSS 观测数据，分析了欧洲地区电离层在正常和极端条件下的主要特征。本书提供了珍贵而丰富的数据实例，可帮助读者深入了解电离层空间天气。

第 1 章 绪论 ····································································································1 
1.1 背景····································································································.2 
1.2 内容安排······························································································.4 
参考文献和补充书目 ·····················································································.7 
第 2 章 日地关系 ······························································································9 
2.1 地球磁层与太阳的相互作用 ·····································································.9 
2.2 磁层-电离层相互作用···········································································.13 
2.3 电离层-大气层耦合··············································································.16 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································.18 
第 3 章 空间天气成因和效应 ············································································.20 
3.1 主要空间天气成因 ···············································································.20 
3.2 主要空间天气效应 ···············································································.30 
3.3 空间天气和地球电离层 ·········································································.33 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································.39 
第 4 章 电离层变化性 ·····················································································.42 
4.1 地球电离层气候学 ···············································································.42 
4.2 D 层和 E 层扰动 ··················································································.48 
4.3 F 层扰动 ····························································································.50 
4.4 电离层噪声·························································································.51 
4.5 日食期间 TEC 突然降低 ········································································.64 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································.67 
第 5 章 电离层暴形态 ·····················································································.70 
5.1 太阳周期形态······················································································.70 
5.2 季节形态····························································································.79 
5.3 每日形态····························································································.84 
5.4 小磁暴形态·························································································.94 
5.5 电离层暴形态的起源 ············································································.97 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································103 
第 6 章 电离层空间天气预报和建模 ·································································.105 
6.1 基于 STIF 工具统计预报········································································105 
6.2 基于趋势线统计预报 ···········································································.116 
6.3 基于人工神经网络动态预报 ··································································.120 
6.4 电离层空间天气建模 ············································································130 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································134 
第 7 章 电离层不规则体和波动 ·······································································.137 
7.1 电离层不规则体和大气波动 ··································································.137 
7.2 大尺度不规则体 ··················································································140 
7.3 中尺度不规则体 ··················································································147 
7.4 观测和建模·························································································148 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································148 
第 8 章 电离层空间天气与电波传播 ·································································.150 
8.1 电离层空间天气与 RF 系统 ····································································151 
8.2 电离层空间天气和 GNSS 系统 ································································163 
8.3 电离层空间天气监测 ············································································165 
8.4 业务工具，产品和服务 ·········································································167 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································182 
第 9 章 电离层空间天气目标 ··········································································.185 
9.1 为减灾所做的努力 ···············································································185 
9.2 环保方面····························································································190 
9.3 其他行星及其卫星 ···············································································196 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································196 
第 10 章 当前电离层天气···············································································.199 
10.1 2017 年 9 月事件 ················································································199 
10.2 接近第 24 太阳活动周期的尾声 ·····························································210 
参考文献和补充书目 ···················································································212

20 世纪 90 年代以来，人类社会对空间技术的依赖性日渐增加，空间天气研究与应用的重要性也随之日益突出。电离层是近地大气与外层空间连接的纽带，与热层和磁层存在耦合，不仅是空间天气的地球响应区域之一，更是地球空间环境的重要区域。在电离层内，中性大气和等离子体耦合，来自磁层外太空和低层大气的能量和物质也在此汇聚与耦合，使电离层成为研究地球圈层耦合的重要关注点。电离层作为人类空间活动最主要的场所之一，人造卫星、飞船等运行在该区域或穿越该区域，地面远距离通信和预警也通过该区域实现。因此，电离层研究作为空间天气研究的关键环节，是空间物理的重要研究内容，也是空间物理由基础研究向相关应用研究转化的前沿内容之一。
近年来，我国电离层研究取得了长足发展，但相关图书出版较少。为积极响应国家大力发展理论基础研究和应用基础研究的战略方针，弥补国内电离层方面参考资料和教材的短板，为电离层研究和应用提供具有可借鉴性的技术参考，我们翻译了《电离层空间天气》一书。该书由 Ljiljana R. Cander 博士所著，是其从事电离层与电波传播研究工作四十多年的分析总结。该书重点关注由空间天气事件和太阳条件变化所产生的电离层扰动、电离层暴、波动和不规则体，介绍了电离层基础数据的采集分发机制和多种预测方法，并基于最近几个太阳活动周期内的电离层垂测数据和 GNSS 观测数据，分析了欧洲地区电离层在正常和极端条件下的主要特征，还提供了珍贵而丰富的数据实例，可帮助读者深入了解电离层空间天气。为便于读者对照资料深入学习，本书中符号表示与原著一致。
全书共 10 章，其中第 1 章由徐艳翻译，第 2～6 章由北京跟踪与通信技术研究所赵华、金雪翻译，第 7～10 章由徐艳、彭伟翻译，全书由徐艳、彭伟统稿和校订。在本书的翻译过程中，我们得到了长期从事电离层探测和电波传播研究的专家的帮助，盛洪涛、李扬清、何瑞珠协助查阅整理了大量相关技术资料，尹东亮提供了非常有价值的修改建议，余雪姣和臧诗缘对本书的文字编辑给予了帮助，在此向他们表示衷心的感谢。本书的翻译工作得到了中国电子科技集团公司第七研究所各级领导和同事的指导和帮助，在此深表感谢。此外还要感谢中国地质大学（武汉）余涛教授和闫相相副教授为本书翻译工作提供的帮助与支持。
衷心期望本书的翻译出版能为推动我国电离层研究、促进电离层空间天气数据产品和服务发展贡献绵薄之力。
原书的印刷错误与疏漏之处，凡已发现的，都做了订正。
由于译者水平有限，翻译不当和错误之处在所难免，恳请读者批评指正。

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