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MATLAB R2020a入门、精通与实战

作译者：刘浩,韩晶

出版时间：2021-12 千字数：468 版次：01-01 页数：316

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121420771

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第1 章 初识MATLAB ····································································································.1
1.1 MATLAB 的工作环境 ······························································································.2
1.1.1 操作界面 ·····································································································.2
1.1.2 当前文件夹窗口 ····························································································.2
1.1.3 命令行窗口 ··································································································.3
1.1.4 工作区窗口 ··································································································.5
1.2 通用命令 ··············································································································.6
1.2.1 常用命令 ·····································································································.6
1.2.2 快捷键 ········································································································.6
1.2.3 标点符号的含义 ····························································································.7
1.3 搜索路径设置 ········································································································.7
1.4 MATLAB 的帮助系统 ······························································································.9
1.4.1 使用帮助命令 ·······························································································.9
1.4.2 帮助导航系统 ·····························································································.10
1.4.3 示例程序的帮助系统 ····················································································.11
1.5 MATLAB 示例 ·····································································································.11
1.6 本章小结 ············································································································.12
第2 章 基础知识 ···········································································································.13
2.1 基本概念 ············································································································.14
2.1.1 常量和变量 ································································································.15
2.1.2 数组、矩阵、标量与向量 ··············································································.15
2.1.3 命令与函数 ································································································.16
2.1.4 表达式与语句 ·····························································································.17
2.2 数据类型 ············································································································.17
2.2.1 数值类型 ···································································································.18
2.2.2 逻辑类型 ···································································································.20
2.2.3 字符和字符串 ·····························································································.20
2.2.4 结构体类型 ································································································.20
2.2.5 单元数组类型 ·····························································································.23
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
VI
2.2.6 函数句柄 ···································································································.24
2.3 运算符 ···············································································································.25
2.3.1 算术运算符 ································································································.25
2.3.2 关系运算符 ································································································.26
2.3.3 逻辑运算符 ································································································.27
2.3.4 运算优先级 ································································································.28
2.4 字符串 ···············································································································.29
2.4.1 字符串的构造 ·····························································································.29
2.4.2 字符串的比较 ·····························································································.31
2.4.3 字符串查找和替换函数 ·················································································.32
2.4.4 字符串与数值的转换 ····················································································.32
2.5 本章小结 ············································································································.33
第3 章 向量与矩阵 ········································································································.34
3.1 向量 ··················································································································.35
3.1.1 创建向量 ···································································································.35
3.1.2 向量的加减乘除运算 ····················································································.36
3.1.3 向量的点积和叉积运算 ·················································································.37
3.2 矩阵 ··················································································································.38
3.2.1 矩阵的构造 ································································································.38
3.2.2 矩阵的拓展与裁剪 ·······················································································.39
3.2.3 矩阵下标引用 ·····························································································.42
3.2.4 矩阵信息的获取 ··························································································.43
3.2.5 矩阵结构的改变 ··························································································.44
3.3 稀疏矩阵 ············································································································.45
3.3.1 创建和查看稀疏矩阵 ····················································································.45
3.3.2 稀疏矩阵的运算规则 ····················································································.46
3.4 本章小结 ············································································································.47
第4 章 矩阵运算 ···········································································································.48
4.1 矩阵分析 ············································································································.49
4.1.1 范数 ·········································································································.49
4.1.2 矩阵的秩 ···································································································.50
4.1.3 矩阵的行列式 ·····························································································.50
4.1.4 矩阵的迹 ···································································································.51
4.1.5 矩阵的正交空间 ··························································································.51
4.1.6 矩阵的化零矩阵 ··························································································.51
4.1.7 矩阵的约化行阶梯形式 ·················································································.52
目录
VII
4.1.8 矩阵空间之间的夹角 ····················································································.52
4.2 线性方程组 ·········································································································.53
4.2.1 线性方程组问题 ··························································································.53
4.2.2 线性方程组的一般解 ····················································································.53
4.2.3 恰定方程组的求解 ·······················································································.54
4.2.4 超定线性方程组的求解 ·················································································.54
4.3 矩阵分解 ············································································································.55
4.3.1 对称正定矩阵的Cholesky 分解 ·······································································.55
4.3.2 一般方阵的高斯消元法 ·················································································.56
4.3.3 矩形矩阵的正交分解 ····················································································.57
4.4 矩阵的特征值和特征向量 ·······················································································.58
4.5 非线性矩阵运算 ···································································································.59
4.5.1 矩阵指数运算 ·····························································································.59
4.5.2 矩阵对数运算 ·····························································································.60
4.5.3 矩阵开平方运算 ··························································································.60
4.5.4 一般非线性矩阵运算 ····················································································.61
4.6 本章小结 ············································································································.61
第5 章 数学函数 ···········································································································.62
5.1 初等函数运算 ······································································································.63
5.1.1 三角函数 ···································································································.63
5.1.2 指数和对数函数 ··························································································.64
5.1.3 复数函数 ···································································································.65
5.1.4 截断和求余函数 ··························································································.66
5.2 特殊数学函数运算 ································································································.67
5.2.1 特殊函数 ···································································································.67
5.2.2 坐标变换函数 ·····························································································.71
5.2.3 数论函数 ···································································································.71
5.3 本章小结 ············································································································.72
第6 章 数据绘图 ···········································································································.73
6.1 二维图形的绘制 ···································································································.74
6.1.1 plot 二维绘图命令 ·······················································································.74
6.1.2 多次叠图和多子图操作 ·················································································.77
6.1.3 fplot 二维绘图命令 ······················································································.79
6.1.4 ezplot 二维绘图命令 ·····················································································.80
6.2 三维图形的绘制 ···································································································.81
6.2.1 plot3 ·········································································································.81
6.2.2 三维网格图和三维曲面图的绘制 ·····································································.82
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
VIII
6.2.3 其他三维绘图命令 ·······················································································.83
6.3 特殊图形的绘制 ···································································································.85
6.3.1 二维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.86
6.3.2 三维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.92
6.3.3 特殊坐标轴函数 ··························································································.95
6.3.4 四维表现图（三维体切片平面） ·····································································.98
6.4 本章小结 ············································································································.99
第7 章 图形处理 ··········································································································.100
7.1 图形标识 ···········································································································.101
7.1.1 坐标轴与图形标注 ······················································································.101
7.1.2 图形的文本标注 ·························································································.102
7.1.3 图例的标注 ·······························································································.103
7.2 图形控制 ···········································································································.104
7.2.1 图形数据取点 ····························································································.104
7.2.2 坐标轴控制 ·······························································································.105
7.2.3 视角与透视控制 ·························································································.108
7.2.4 图形色彩控制 ····························································································.111
7.2.5 光照控制 ··································································································.115
7.3 图形窗口的操作 ··································································································.117
7.3.1 图形窗口的创建 ·························································································.118
7.3.2 图形窗口的菜单操作 ···················································································.118
7.3.3 图形窗口工具栏 ·························································································.122
7.3.4 图形的打印与输出 ······················································································.124
7.4 本章小结 ···········································································································.124
第8 章 程序设计 ··········································································································.125
8.1 M 文件 ··············································································································.126
8.1.1 函数 ········································································································.126
8.1.2 脚本 ········································································································.127
8.2 语法规则 ···········································································································.128
8.2.1 程序设计中的变量 ······················································································.128
8.2.2 编程方法 ··································································································.130
8.2.3 顺序语句 ··································································································.130
8.2.4 循环语句 ··································································································.130
8.2.5 条件语句 ··································································································.131
8.2.6 其他流程控制语句 ······················································································.133
8.3 程序调试 ···········································································································.134
8.3.1 直接调试法 ·······························································································.134
8.3.2 工具调试法 ·······························································································.135
目录
IX
8.3.3 程序调试命令 ····························································································.137
8.3.4 程序剖析 ··································································································.138
8.4 程序设计与实现 ··································································································.142
8.4.1 建立数学模型 ····························································································.142
8.4.2 代码编写 ··································································································.143
8.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.144
第9 章 数值计算 ··········································································································.145
9.1 线性方程组的解法 ·······························································································.146
9.1.1 解线性方程组的直接法 ················································································.146
9.1.2 解线性方程组的迭代法 ················································································.148
9.1.3 利用MATLAB 求解线性方程组 ·····································································.150
9.2 数值逼近方法 ·····································································································.153
9.2.1 插值 ········································································································.153
9.2.2 曲线拟合 ··································································································.158
9.2.3 数值积分 ··································································································.161
9.3 常微分方程（组）的数值求解 ················································································.163
9.3.1 常微分方程初值问题的离散化 ·······································································.164
9.3.2 常微分方程初值问题 ···················································································.165
9.4 数据分析和多项式 ·······························································································.170
9.4.1 基本数据分析函数 ······················································································.170
9.4.2 多项式函数 ·······························································································.173
9.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.175
第10 章 符号计算 ········································································································.176
10.1 符号运算入门 ···································································································.177
10.1.1 求方程的根 ·····························································································.177
10.1.2 求函数的导数 ··························································································.177
10.1.3 求解微分方程 ··························································································.178
10.2 符号对象的创建和使用 ·······················································································.178
10.2.1 创建符号对象和表达式 ··············································································.178
10.2.2 符号对象的基本运算 ·················································································.181
10.3 符号表达式的操作 ·····························································································.182
10.3.1 符号表达式的替换 ····················································································.182
10.3.2 精度计算 ································································································.183
10.3.3 符号表达式的化简 ····················································································.184
10.4 符号微积分及其变换 ··························································································.186
10.4.1 符号表达式的微分运算 ··············································································.186
10.4.2 符号表达式的级数与积分 ···········································································.188
10.4.3 符号积分变换 ··························································································.189
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
X
10.5 符号矩阵的计算 ································································································.191
10.5.1 代数基本运算 ··························································································.191
10.5.2 线性代数运算 ··························································································.191
10.5.3 特征值分解 ·····························································································.192
10.5.4 约当标准型 ·····························································································.192
10.5.5 奇异值分解 ·····························································································.193
10.6 符号方程求解 ···································································································.193
10.6.1 代数方程的求解 ·······················································································.194
10.6.2 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.195
10.7 可视化数学分析窗口 ··························································································.196
10.7.1 图示化符号函数计算器 ··············································································.196
10.7.2 Taylor 级数逼近分析器···············································································.197
10.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.198
第11 章 句柄图形 ········································································································.199
11.1 句柄图形体系 ···································································································.200
11.1.1 图形系统 ································································································.200
11.1.2 句柄图形的概念 ·······················································································.200
11.1.3 对象属性及其检测和变更 ···········································································.202
11.2 图形对象的操作 ································································································.205
11.2.1 创建图形对象 ··························································································.206
11.2.2 查找对象 ································································································.207
11.2.3 图形对象的位置 ·······················································································.208
11.2.4 文本对象的位置 ·······················································································.209
11.3 属性默认值和factory 属性及打印位置 ····································································.211
11.3.1 设置属性默认值 ·······················································································.211
11.3.2 factory 属性 ·····························································································.214
11.3.3 打印位置 ································································································.214
11.4 句柄的使用方法 ································································································.215
11.4.1 访问对象句柄 ··························································································.215
11.4.2 使用句柄操作图形对象 ··············································································.216
11.4.3 删除对象 ································································································.217
11.4.4 控制图形输出 ··························································································.217
11.4.5 在M 文件中保存句柄 ················································································.219
11.5 句柄图形的应用举例 ··························································································.220
11.6 本章小结 ·········································································································.222
第12 章 输入与输出 ·····································································································.223
12.1 文件的打开与关闭 ·····························································································.224
12.1.1 打开文件 ································································································.224
目录
XI
12.1.2 关闭文件 ································································································.225
12.2 文件的读取与写入 ·····························································································.225
12.2.1 读取二进制文件 ·······················································································.225
12.2.2 写入二进制文件 ·······················································································.227
12.2.3 写入文本文件 ··························································································.228
12.2.4 读取文本文件 ··························································································.230
12.2.5 文件格式化和二进制输入/输出比较 ······························································.231
12.3 文件位置控制和状态函数 ····················································································.233
12.3.1 exist 函数 ································································································.234
12.3.2 ferror 函数 ·······························································································.235
12.3.3 feof 函数 ·································································································.235
12.3.4 ftell 函数 ·································································································.235
12.3.5 frewind 函数 ····························································································.235
12.3.6 fseek 函数 ·······························································································.235
12.4 本章小结 ·········································································································.237
第13 章 Simulink 仿真 ·································································································.238
13.1 Simulink 概论 ····································································································.239
13.1.1 Simulink 简介···························································································.239
13.1.2 启动Simulink ··························································································.239
13.1.3 Simulink 模型的特点··················································································.241
13.1.4 Simulink 实例···························································································.243
13.2 Simulink 模型创建 ······························································································.245
13.2.1 模块操作 ································································································.245
13.2.2 信号线操作 ·····························································································.246
13.2.3 模型的注释 ·····························································································.248
13.2.4 系统建模和系统仿真的基本步骤 ··································································.249
13.2.5 信源Source ·····························································································.253
13.2.6 信宿Sink ································································································.259
13.2.7 过零检测 ································································································.264
13.2.8 仿真配置 ································································································.266
13.2.9 启动仿真 ································································································.270
13.3 子系统的创建与封装 ··························································································.271
13.3.1 子系统介绍 ·····························································································.271
13.3.2 创建子系统 ·····························································································.272
13.3.3 封装子系统 ·····························································································.273
13.4 仿真模型的分析 ································································································.276
13.4.1 确定模型的状态 ·······················································································.276
13.4.2 平衡点的分析 ··························································································.277
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
XII
13.4.3 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.278
13.4.4 代数环 ···································································································.279
13.5 仿真的运行 ······································································································.280
13.5.1 启动仿真 ································································································.280
13.5.2 仿真的配置 ·····························································································.281
13.5.3 观测仿真结果 ··························································································.285
13.5.4 仿真调试 ································································································.286
13.6 S 函数 ·············································································································.287
13.6.1 S 函数的工作原理 ·····················································································.287
13.6.2 编写S 函数 ·····························································································.287
13.7 Simulink 与MATLAB 结合建模实例 ·······································································.291
13.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.294
附录A Simulink 模块库 ·······························································································.295
参考文献 ·······················································································································.304

MathWorks 公司在1984 年推出了一套高性能的数值计算和可视化软件——MATLAB。
MATLAB 全称“矩阵实验室”（Matrix Laboratory），它是以著名的线性代数软件包
LINPACK 和特征值计算软件包EISPACK 中的子程序为基础发展而成的一种开放型程序
设计语言。
MATLAB 不但省去了其他高级程序语言（如C 语言）对复杂的变量类型进行声明这一
步骤，而且用户可以按照符合人类正常逻辑思维方式和数学表达习惯的语言形式书写程序，
从而大大提高了工作效率。
众多设计人员和工程实践者为MATLAB 的开发做出了卓越的贡献，使其从一个简
单的矩阵分析软件逐渐发展成为一个具有极高的通用性、带有众多实用工具的运算操作
平台。
1．本书特点
本书结合编者多年的MATLAB 使用经验和实用算例，将MATLAB 软件的使用方法与
技巧详细地讲解给读者。本书内容新颖、步骤详尽，并辅以相应的图片，使读者在阅读时一
目了然，从而可以快速掌握书中所讲内容。
全书采用由浅入深、循序渐进的讲解方式，便于读者尽快掌握MATLAB 的应用，以更
好地利用MATLAB 开展工作。全书实例典型、轻松易学，通过应用算例，透彻、详尽地讲
解了MATLAB 在多方面的应用。
2．本书内容
本书主要从使用方面对MATLAB 进行较为详细的讲解，大部分内容通过简单的操作就
可以掌握。全书共13 章，具体安排如下：
第1 章 初识MATLAB 第2 章 基础知识
第3 章 向量与矩阵 第4 章 矩阵运算
第5 章 数学函数 第6 章 数据绘图
第7 章 图形处理 第8 章 程序设计
第9 章 数值计算 第10 章 符号计算
第11 章 句柄图形 第12 章 输入与输出
第13 章 Simulink 仿真
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
IV
3．读者对象
本书结构合理、叙述详细、算例丰富，既适合包括广大科研工作者、工程师和在校学生
等在内的读者自学使用，又适合大、中专院校相关专业教学使用。
4．本书作者
本书由刘浩编著，虽然在编写过程中力求叙述准确、完善，但由于水平有限，书中欠妥
之处在所难免，希望读者和同仁能够及时指出，共同促进本书质量的提高。
读 者 服 务
读者在阅读本书的过程中如果遇到问题，可以关注 “有艺”公众号，通过公众号中的
“读者反馈”功能与我们取得联系。此外，通过关注“有艺”公众号，您还可以获取艺术教
程、艺术素材、新书资讯、书单推荐、优惠活动等相关信息。
投稿、团购合作：请发邮件至art@phei.com.cn。

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