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太阳能光伏组件典型环境检测技术探析

作译者：施成营等

出版时间：2020-09 千字数：211 版次：01-01 页数：132

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121395222

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内容简介

前言

上架建议

作者简介

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第 1 章 太阳能电池和光伏组件的结构及工作原理 ·················································1
1.1 太阳能电池简介 ·····························································································1 
1.2 光伏组件结构 ·································································································3 
1.3 光伏组件的工作环境 ·····················································································5 
第 2 章 光伏组件高风速砂尘检测技术 ·····································································9
2.1 中国自然环境和适用光伏组件的典型环境··················································9 
2.2 高风速砂尘试验方法和检测流程································································11 
2.2.1 试验设备·······························································································13
2.2.2 试验步骤·······························································································15
2.2.3 注意事项·······························································································16
2.2.4 试验设计·······························································································16
2.3 高风速砂尘对光伏组件性能影响的数据分析············································17 
2.3.1 外观检查·······························································································17
2.3.2 吹砂试验前最大功率检测·······································································17
2.3.3 吹砂试验前电安全性检测（绝缘、湿漏电流和接地连续性检测）·············17
2.3.4 吹砂试验前 EL 检测···············································································18
2.3.5 吹砂试验·······························································································19
2.3.6 吹砂试验后最大功率检测·······································································19
2.3.7 吹砂试验后电安全性检测（绝缘、湿漏电流和接地连续性检测）·············19
2.3.8 吹砂试验后 EL 检测···············································································19
2.4 总结 ···············································································································21 
参考文献 ················································································································21 
第 3 章 光伏组件不均匀雪载检测技术 ···································································24
3.1 光伏组件不均匀雪载试验 ···········································································24 
3.2 不均匀雪载试验方法 ···················································································25 
3.2.1 试验流程·······························································································26
3.2.2 不均匀雪载的压强分布和计算方法 ·························································28
3.2.3 雪载设备 ································································································35
3.3 数据分析 ·······································································································36 
3.3.1 PV2～PV6 压强变化规律········································································36
3.3.2 PV2～PV6 位移量变化规律 ····································································38
3.3.3 PV7 数据分析························································································40
3.4 总结 ···············································································································40 
第 4 章 光伏组件热斑耐久性试验和旁路二极管功能检测技术 ···························42
4.1 热斑的形成和光伏组件级联分类································································42 
4.2 光伏组件热斑耐久性试验检测设备····························································44 
4.3 晶体硅光伏组件热斑检测 ···········································································45 
4.3.1 晶体硅光伏组件热斑检测流程································································45
4.3.2 晶体硅组件热斑耐久性试验结果分析······················································47
4.3.3 小结······································································································54
4.4 光伏组件旁路二极管功能试验方法····························································54 
4.4.1 旁路二极管功能试验遮挡检测原理 ·························································55
4.4.2 不同光伏组件及内部电路结构示例 ·························································57
4.4.3 不同内部电路结构的光伏组件遮挡位置分析············································58
4.4.4 旁路二极管功能试验分析·······································································62
4.4.5 小结······································································································63
第 5 章 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测技术 ···································································64
5.1 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测技术的重要作用················································64 
5.1.1 研究背景及意义 ····················································································64
5.1.2 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测的目标与主要内容············································66
5.2 光伏组件箱模拟运输试验的理论基础························································67 
5.2.1 模拟运输的试验原理··············································································67
5.2.2 模拟运输试验环节与各项参数································································67
5.3 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测数据和结果分析················································71 
5.3.1 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测的主要内容······················································71
5.3.2 光伏组件箱模拟运输试验·······································································73
5.3.3 环境试验·······························································································74
5.3.4 检测结果和数据分析··············································································76
5.4 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测注意事项····························································82 
5.4.1 普通单玻带边框光伏组件的包装注意事项···············································82
5.4.2 双玻无边框光伏组件的包装注意事项······················································82
参考文献 ················································································································83 
第 6 章 太阳光入射角对光伏组件光电特性的影响 ···············································84
6.1 太阳光入射角对太阳能电池光电特性影响的研究····································84 
6.1.1 研究背景·······························································································84
6.1.2 研究现状·······························································································86
6.1.3 研究内容与意义 ····················································································87
6.2 试验方法 ·······································································································88 
6.2.1 检测设备与光伏组件··············································································88
6.2.2 光伏组件性能检测 ·················································································90
6.3 试验结果与分析 ···························································································94 
6.3.1 太阳光入射角对光伏组件光电特性的影响···············································94
6.3.2 太阳光入射角对不同栅线光伏组件光电转换效率的影响···························97
6.3.3 太阳光入射角对光伏幕墙（薄膜）组件光电特性的影响···························98
6.3.4 太阳光入射角对光伏组件相对透光率的影响············································99
6.4 总结 ·············································································································101 
参考文献 ··············································································································101 
第 7 章 双面光伏组件光电特性检测技术 ·····························································103
7.1 双面光伏组件检测技术概述 ·····································································104 
7.1.1 研究背景·····························································································104
7.1.2 研究现状·····························································································105
7.1.3 研究内容与意义 ··················································································105
7.2 试验方法 ·····································································································106 
7.2.1 检测设备与光伏组件············································································106
7.2.2 光伏组件性能检测 ···············································································106
7.3 试验结果与分析 ·························································································109 
7.3.1 室内单面等效辐照度检测结果······························································109
7.3.2 双面打光检测结果 ··············································································.111
7.3.3 使用单面等效辐照度法与双面打光法进行检测的功率结果差异 ··············115
7.3.4 不同双面系数下的单面等效辐照度法与双面打光法检测结果对比···········117
7.3.5 双面打光法在实际检测中的应用···························································119
7.4 总结 ·············································································································120 
参考文献 ··············································································································121

太阳能资源丰富，非常有利于太阳能光伏发电的开发利用。我国幅员辽阔，气候环境复杂，使用太阳能的环境严酷，例如西北的风沙、暴雪、冰雹、紫外光，东南湿热环境下的 PID 效应，组件遮挡的热斑效应，沿海高盐的气候，农林里高浓度氨气等腐蚀性气体都会对安装后的太阳能光伏组件造成损害，降低使用性能和年限。光伏组件由生产工厂运输到光伏电站安装使用，长途运输又显著增加了光伏组件受损的概率。太阳光的入射角度和双面电池背面入射光的吸收也会影响光伏组件的发电量。本书主要介绍光伏组件典型环境检测技术，包括光伏组件箱模拟运输检测、砂尘检测、不均匀雪载检测、光伏组件热斑耐久性试验、旁路二极管功能检测及在不同角度的入射光情况下光伏组件光电性能检测和双面光伏组件光电性能的检测技术和检测方法。很多检测技术是作者多年的研究成果，属于业内首次开发并获得国家检测资质。本书内容如下。
第 1 章 太阳能电池和光伏组件的结构及工作原理。
第 2 章 光伏组件高风速砂尘检测技术。
第 3 章 光伏组件不均匀雪载检测技术。
第 4 章 光伏组件热斑耐久性试验和旁路二极管功能检测技术。
第 5 章 光伏组件箱模拟运输检测技术。
第 6 章 太阳光入射角对光伏组件光电特性的影响。
第 7 章 双面光伏组件光电特性检测技术。
本书以检测技术为主线，结合新颁布的检测标准和详实的数据分析，对光伏组件技术研发、质量检测和教学研究的相关专业人员具有很好的借鉴作用。本书来源于第一线的检测技术研究，具有先进性和实践性强的特点。
本书编者施成营、叶行方、吴亚盼、刘丁璞和李沛泽来自中国信息通信研究院，施成营负责统编全书。其中，叶行方参与了 3.3 节的编写，李沛泽、吴亚盼分别参与了 4.3 节和 4.4 节的编写。中国科学院电工研究所王光红博士参与了 7.3节的编写和全书的数据核对工作。刘丁璞参与了第 7 章的技术讨论和修改工作。南昌大学学生杨文、殷明、吴先民、林芳祁在中国信息通信研究院实习期间，在施成营的指导下参与了本书部分章节的实验和数据整理工作。

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