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人类是一个群居体，从生命诞生以来，人类的生活就离不开信息的交流，从语言、文字到造纸术、印刷术，到电报、电话，一直到区块链、人工智能等新一代信息技术，人类的信息技不断变革。2015年5月，国务院印发《中国制造2025》，部署全面推进实施制造强国战略，围绕经济社会发展和国家安全重大需求，选择十大优势和战略产业作为突破点，新一代信息技术产业是其中之一。2016年7月、12月，《国家信息化发展战略纲要》和《"十三五”国家信息化规划》相继出台，力求加快释放信息化发展的巨大潜能，重点突破，推动信息技术更好服务经济升级和民生改善，以信息化驱动现代化，加快建设网络强国。正是在这样的背景下，本书创作完成了，它是一本普及信息技术的书籍，从浩繁卷帙的长卷中，追索信息技术的发展，聆听历史的足音，感知未来的脚步。

第1 章 信息发展史 ·············································································· 1
1.1 语言 ······················································································· 2
1.2 文字 ······················································································· 4
1.3 驿站 ······················································································· 8
1.4 长城 ······················································································· 9
1.5 灯塔 ····················································································· 10
1.6 造纸术 ·················································································· 11
1.7 印刷术 ·················································································· 11
1.8 信鸽 ····················································································· 12
1.9 有线电 ·················································································· 13
1.10 无线电 ················································································ 21
1.11 人造卫星 ············································································ 24
1.12 互联网 ················································································ 29
1.13 新一代信息技术 ································································· 52
第2 章 终端技术 ················································································ 56
2.1 线缆······················································································ 57
2.2 半导体 ·················································································· 64
2.3 传感器 ·················································································· 69
2.4 智能硬件 ·············································································· 73
2.5 智能穿戴 ·············································································· 83
2.6 智能网关 ·············································································· 89
2.7 智能家居 ·············································································· 95
2.8 增材制造 ············································································ 106
2.9 4D 打印 ·············································································· 109
2.10 电池技术 ···········································································110
2.11 柔性电子 ···········································································117
2.12 显示技术 ···········································································118
2.13 虚拟现实 ·········································································· 121
第3 章 软件技术 ·············································································· 127
3.1 软件现状 ············································································ 128
3.2 开源技术 ············································································ 129
3.3 操作系统 ············································································ 135
3.4 IPv6 技术 ··········································································· 138
3.5 软件定义网络 ···································································· 141
第4 章 无线技术 ·············································································· 147
4.1 无线网分类 ········································································ 148
4.2 移动通信 ············································································ 149
4.3 WLAN 技术 ······································································· 171
4.4 蓝牙技术 ············································································ 177
4.5 ZigBee 技术 ······································································· 181
4.6 近场通信 ············································································ 183
4.7 LiFi 技术 ············································································ 186
4.8 无源WiFi ··········································································· 188
4.9 LPWAN ·············································································· 190
4.10 引力波 ·············································································· 199
第5 章 云计算 ·················································································· 201
5.1 云计算概念 ········································································ 202
5.2 云计算价值 ········································································ 204
5.3 云计算服务形式 ································································ 206
5.4 云计算应用 ········································································ 208
5.5 雾计算与云计算 ································································· 211
第6 章 大数据 ·················································································· 213
6.1 大数据概念 ········································································ 214
6.2 大数据应用 ········································································ 220
6.3 大数据前景 ········································································ 222
第7 章 物联网 ·················································································· 225
7.1 物联网 ················································································ 226
7.2 车联网 ················································································ 231
7.3 无人机 ················································································ 235
第8 章 人工智能 ·············································································· 239
8.1 人工智能定义 ···································································· 240
8.2 人机信息交互 ···································································· 242
8.3 人工智能的实现方式 ························································· 248
8.4 人工智能的发展 ································································ 255
第9 章 量子技术 ·············································································· 262
9.1 量子通信 ············································································ 263
9.2 量子计算 ············································································ 266
第10 章 区块链 ················································································ 270
10.1 拜占庭将军问题 ······························································· 271
10.2 区块链发展情况 ······························································· 272
10.3 区块链概念 ······································································ 274
10.4 区块链分类 ······································································ 276
10.5 区块链核心技术 ······························································· 277
10.6 区块链发展应用 ······························································· 278
第11 章 新能源新材料 ···································································· 281
11.1 新材料 ·············································································· 282
11.2 新能源 ·············································································· 300
第12 章 生物信息技术 ···································································· 309
12.1 生物特征识别 ·································································· 310
12.2 生物识别支付 ···································································311
12.3 生物计算机 ······································································ 314
12.4 DNA 计算机 ····································································· 315
12.5 DNA 互联网 ····································································· 317
12.6 DNA Fountain 编码技术 ··················································· 318
参考文献 ····························································································· 319

推荐序
第四届世界互联网以“发展数字经济、促进开放共享——携手共建网络空间命运共同体”为主题，吹响了数字经济新时代号角。对于数字经济，《二十国集团数字经济发展与合作倡议》给出了如下定义：数字经济是指以使用数字化的知识和信息作为关键生产要素、以现代信息网络作为重要载体、以信息通信技术的有效使用作为效率提升和经济结构优化的重要推动力的一系列经济活动。
如今，云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能、区块链、第五代移动通信（5G）等新一代网络信息技术加速推广与应用，不断催生新模式、新业态、新产业。可以说，作为随着信息技术革命发展而产生的新型经济业态，数字经济正日益成为中国经济发展的新引擎。对于生逢这一大趋势的我们每个人，会感受到信息技术正在改变我们的生活，对信息技术的未来既充满期待又难以预见，希望了解信息技术的原理、因何而生、从何而来、有何影响、向何处去。
《信息技术简史》由中国信息经济学会副理事长、北京邮电大学教授、博士生导师吕廷杰先生担任总编，书中将迄今为止的主要信息技术展现在读者眼前，在普及知识的同时，还穿插了许多奇闻异事，谈古论今，把深奥的技术领域的发展史讲的妙趣横生，令人耳目一新，受益匪浅。
很多人读过斯蒂芬·霍金的《时间简史》、比尔·布莱森的《万物简史》，写的都很精彩，从中感受到写简史并不简单，厚积薄发，才容得下历史的胸怀，登高望远，才有可能一览众山小。写《信息技术简史》不仅需要勇气还更考验作者的功底，它的科学严谨性要经受专业人士挑剔的眼光，它的通俗趣味性要能吸引普通读者爱不释手。作者兼顾不同背景的受众做了很好的平衡，同时坚持了科技类著作的特色，侧重知识点和知识量，传递正确的观点，启发进一步思考，以史为鉴激励创新。
《信息技术简史》有这样一句话：“未来似乎还很遥远，然而未来已来。以摩尔定律的速度、以梅特卡夫定律的价值、以库兹维尔定律的规模，排山倒海，势不可挡。还是毛主席说得好：一万年太久,只争朝夕！”以摩尔定律为代表的信息技术发展速度是很多领域的技术难以相比的，在新一代信息技术变革的新时代，唯有更加努力的学习和善于借信息技术之势创新，才能跟上时代的步伐。期待本书能够激发更多读者投身到信息技术的研发创新和应用推广中，在信息技术新的发展征程中写出精彩的中国故事和做出更多的中国贡献。
——中国工程院院士、中国互联网协会理事长 邬贺铨

科技-科普

吕廷杰，教授，博导。1978年9月至1982年7月在北京邮电大学无线电工程系读大学本科；1982年9月至1985年5月在北京邮电大学攻读管理工程硕士研究生；1989年10月至1991年9月和1996年9月至1997年11月先后两次留学日本京都大学，并于1997年11月获京都大学系统工程博士学位；1994 年5 月至10月在美国 AT&T 工商管理学校和贝尔实验室做访问学者；1993年5月至1996年 5月任北京邮电大学管理工程系副主任、副教授；1996年6月至1998年2月任北京邮电大学任管理与人文学院副院长、教授；1998年2月至 1999 年12月借调至原邮电部任第22届万国邮联大会主席助理；2000年5月至 2003年5月任北京邮电大学研究生院常务副院长；2003年6月至2008年3月任经济管理学院院长；2008年3月至2015年5月任北京邮电大学校长助理，其间2011年5月至2014年9月兼任经济管理学院执行院长。__eol__担任的职务包括但不限于教育部电子商务教学指导委员会副主任、工信部科技委委员、工信部电信经济专家委员会委员、中国信息经济学会常务副理事长、中国技术经济研究会通信专委会主任、中国通信学会管理专委会主任、国际电信协会（ITS）常务理事、清华大学国家管理学研究基地研究员、中国管理科学院院士。

灯泡不是爱迪生发明的?__eol__电话不是贝尔发明的?__eol__无线电不是马可尼发明的?__eol__第一位上天飞行的不是莱特兄弟?__eol__时间晶体存在记忆?__eol__区块链之父是何方神圣?__eol__未来人类将半人半机器?__eol__本书将带您穿越信息技术的迷雾。

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